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职称英语理工类语法辅导资料:分词的独立结构

2013-1-13  来自于:课评集

  理工类辅导资料:分词的独立结构

  1) 分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则,分词必须有自己的主语,这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构,或叫独立主格。在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等。例如:

  The project finished, they had a two weeks leave.

  完成那个计划后,他们休了两周假。

  He being absent, nothing could be done.

  由于他缺席,什么事也没法干。

  2) 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without 名词(或代词的宾语) 分词”的结构,表示伴随状况。例如:

  They sat there silently,(with) their eyes fixedon the lake.

  他们静静地坐在那里,眼睛看着湖面。

  With him helping me, I felt lucky.

  有他的帮助,我感到很幸运。

  5 . 容易混淆的现在分词和过去分词

  像 interesting 和 interested 一类的分词在意义和用法上很容易混淆,一般可作如下区分:

  ( 1 )一部分表示“情感;心情”等意义的动词的现在分词有“令人……的;具有……性质的”的意思,常用来说明人或事物的特征或性质。如:

  The president made an inspiring speech at the meeting yesterday.

  ( 2 )它们的过去分词有“感到……的”的意思,用来指人的感觉或所处的状态,因而它的主语一般不可能是指物的词。如:

  He was too excited to fall asleep.

  这类容易混淆的分词常见的有: encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; inspiring, inspired; interesting, interested; puzzling, puzzled;astonishing, astonished; surprising, surprised 等。

  经典例题解析:

  1.The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did‘t include women players until 1919.

  A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing

  析:根据题干,必须选表示被动的选项,故排除A、D;因B选项表“将要被举行”意,不合题干之用,只有C选项(相当于which was first played)才合用。

  2.European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.

  A.making B.makes C.made D.to make

  析:B、C是谓语动词,在此不可用。D项to make或表目的,或表“将要使得”,这都不合题干情景。只有A.making,可作状语,表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例: The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻,因而耽误了。

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