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职称英语考试语法辅导:分词作宾语补足语

2012-10-24  来自于:课评集

  职称英语考试辅导:分词作宾语补足语

  1) 跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。例如:

  When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen.

  当他们度假完回到家时,发现房子被盗了。(过去分词表示被动)

  2) 在复合宾语中,用现在分词作宾补,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用过去分词作宾补,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:

  There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.

  由于十分吵闹,讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。

  When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.

  他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。

  3. 分词作状语

  1) 分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句;表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如:

  Confined to bed (= Because she was confined to bed), she needed to be waited on in everything.

  她卧病在床,什么事都需要人伺候。(作原因状语)

  Having only book knowledge (= If you only have book knowledge), you will not be

  able to work well.

  如果只有书本知识,你就不可能做好工作。(作条件状语)

  They stood there waiting for the bus. (=They stood there and waited for the bus.)

  他们站在那里等公共汽车。(作方式状语)

  2) 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较

  不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语,如果单独作状语,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句,如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如

  果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词。有时为了强调,分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作状语,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如:

  Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed.

  如果你努力,你会成功的。

  Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer.

  虽然他被击败了,但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。

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