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职称英语综合类:阅读综合指导动词非谓语形式(二)

2013-6-17  来自于:课评集

  Do you know the man sitting and reading a book there? (你认识坐在那里看书的那个人吗?现在/ 主动)

  Who is the patient being operated on? (正在接受手术的那个病人是谁啊?现在 / 被动)

  Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.

  (当选为委员的人将出席这次会议。过去 / 被动)

  有了上述基本概念,就可以进一步讨论下面的问题了:

  三. 非谓语动词的句法功能:

  一个典型的句子共有以下五个基本成分:

  主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语

  这里要讨论的是当英语中的一个动词处在主语、宾语、定语和状语位置时怎么处理,即非谓语成分时怎么处理。

  1.主语:

  首先,"to do" 和 "-ing"形式具有名词性,"-ed "不具备名词性。也就是说,"to do" 和 "-ing"可以做主语,例如:

  To learn a foreign language is not an easy thing. (= It is not an easy

  thing to learn English.)

  Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing.

  问题是这两种表达方式有没有区别。语法上没有对或错的区别,因此不是语法考试的重点

  一般讲,"to do"较具体的行为或状态,"-ing"表示较笼统的概念,如"学习外语对我来说并非易事"一般用"to do"来表达:To learn a

  foreign language. is not an easy thing for me. (或:It is not an easy thing for me

  to learn a foreign language.)

  从应试角度讲,只要记住下面两个特殊句型就可以了:

  It is no use (或good) ing结构,例如:

  It is no use quarreling with her. (和她争吵没有用。考试时不要选to quarrel with her)

  There is no ing 结构,例如:

  There is no denying that women are playing more and more important roles in

  the world today.(不可否认,在当今世界上,妇女正发挥越来越重要的作用。)

  There is no joking about this matter. (这事开不得玩笑。)